Confined Space Hazards
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Contact with micro-organisms, such as viruses, bacteria or fungi, may result in infectious diseases, dermatitis or lung conditions such as hypersensitivity pneumonia. Sewers, grain silos and manure pits are examples of confined spaces where biological hazards may be present.
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Electrical hazards may cause electrocution, shocks or burns, and can arise from cables, transformers, capacitors, relays, exposed terminals and wet surfaces where electrical circuit and electrically powered plant are used.
SKIN CONTACT WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
The nature of a confined space could give rise to an increased likelihood of skin contact with surface contaminants. Skin contact with hazardous substances may result in immediate health effects such as burns, irritation or allergic dermatitis, or longer-term systemic effects.
NOISE
Noise generated in a confined space from the use of plant, the work method or process may be amplified due to reflections off hard surfaces. Exposure to hazardous noise may result in hearing loss, tinnitus and other non-auditory health effects. Hazardous noise may also prevent workers hearing warning signals and distract workers from their work.
MANUAL TASKS
Hazards arising from manual tasks may be exacerbated by physical constraints associated with working in a confined space. Additional hazards may arise from the use of personal protective equipment that restricts movement, grip and mobility
RADIATION
The health effects associated with radiation depend on the type of radiation involved. Sources of radiation include radioactive sources, x-rays, lasers, welding flash, radio frequency and microwaves.
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